Leaves

Simple leaf:

Compound leaf (with leaflets):

Pinnate:        Bipinnate:

Venation: 

 Parallel:    Pinnate:    Palmate:

Leaf arrangement:  

Alternate: Opposite:  Whorled: 

Basal rosette:    

Leaf attachment:

  Sessile:   Petiolate: 

Perfoliate, auriculate, clasping:       

Lobes, sinuses, serrations, teeth:

Leaf surface:

Glabrous:    Pubescent:   

Leaf Modifications:

Scale:        Needle:    

Other leaf terms:

Bracts  and Phyllaries:         

Stem and leaf growth patterns

appressed: close to or flat against
ascending: growing upward in a curved fashion
caespitose: growing in a dense tuft
declining: curved downward
decumbent: growing along the ground with an ascending tip
divergent: spreading
erect: vertical, not declining or spreading
ramose: many branched
recumbent: growing along the ground
reflexed: sharply declining

  Canescent    

     Strigose     Pustulose 

   Tomentose

     Pilose

Canescent (gray/white appearing because of fine hairs)
Ciliate (with marginal hairs)
Hirsute (course, stiff hairs)
Pilose (long, soft, straight hairs)
Puberulent (minutely pubescent)
Pubescent (fine, short hairs)
Pustulose (swellings at the base of hairs)
Sericeous (silky)
Strigose (pointed, straight, appressed hairs)
Tomentose (densely clothed with wooly hairs)
Trichome (the general term for plant hair)
Villous (clothed with long, soft hairs)

Other Plant, Leaf, and Stem Terms

Herbaceous (herb) and woody
Sub- 
Adnate
Connate
Proximal
Distal
Stipule
Revolute 
Involute
Node
Internode
Caudex
Acaulis

Important reminder

 Just because a plant has one or more of the above words in its name, it does not follow that the plant possess those characteristics.  The person who named the plant may have incorrectly named it or may have named it relative to other plants, e.g., not all plants named "grandiflora" have large flowers.