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Tonestus pygmaeus
Tonestus pygmaeus
Asteraceae (Sunflower Family)

Alpine. Tundra. Summer.
Cinnamon Pass, August 1, 2007.

This common tiny Sunflower, found only above tree-line, forms small mounds from three to twelve inches in diameter topped with bright flowers.  Leaves are long, narrow, upright, prominently veined, and ciliate (fringed with fine hairs).  The plant is found in alpine meadows and on tundra, often in the meager soils collected around rocks.  A quick glance could lead you to identifying this as Heterotheca pumila.  One of the great joys of botany is constantly being reminded to look and then look again.

"Tonestus" is a meaningless anagram of "Stenotus", another Sunflower genus.  John Torrey and Asa Gray named this Haplopappus pygmaeus and Aven Nelson, who named this genus in 1904, renamed it Tonestus pygmaeus.

 

Tonestus pygmaeus

Tonestus pygmaeus

Tonestus pygmaeus

Tonestus pygmaeus
Asteraceae (Sunflower Family)
 

Alpine. Tundra. Summer.
Top photograph: Sharkstooth Trail, July 30, 2004
; Bottom two photographs: Cinnamon Pass, August 1, 2007.

Ray flowers can be quite straight, as in the top photograph, or curled over.  Leaves are curved inward or flat.  Green phyllaries below the flower head are broad, blunt, and fringed with fine hairs ("ciliate").